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BUDIDAYA BELIMBING

BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BELIMBING
Oleh : Ch Bara, S.Kom
Alumni SPMA Lubuk Ruso

Balimbing adalah nama melayu untuk jenis tanaman buah dari keluarga Oxalidaceae, marga Averrhoa. Walaupun berasal dari keluarga dan marga yang sama, kedua buah ini sama sama memiliki nama belimbing. Sama sekali tak menunjukkan paersamaan. Dalam arti, baik penampakan dari luar maupun rasanya.

Tanaman belimbing dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu belimbing manis (Averrhoa corambola) dan belimbing asam (Averhrhoa blimbi) atau sering diebut belimbing wuluh.

Belimbing Asam/ Belimbing Wuluh

Sering disebut dengan belimbing asam, atau belimbing buluh (besi) karena rasa buahnya yang asam. Bentuk tanaman memanjang ke atas bisa mencapai 12 meter.berdaun tersuun berpasangan, bentuk lonjong (bulat tlur) terletak di ujung cabang atau ranting.

Bentuk buah bulat lonjong berwarna hijau pekat pada waktu muda, dan berbuah kekuniongan setelah matang. Buah-buah seukuran telur puyuh ini muncul dan bergelantungan pada batang dan dahannya. Dagingnya banyak mengadung air dengan rasa sangat asam. Walaupun namanya belimbing seperti belimbing manis, dan jarang di konsumsi langsung sebagaii buah segar, namun belimbing jenis ini banyak berguna sebagai bumbu seperti manisan dan lain sebagainya.

Belimbing Manis

Belimbing ini berbeda dengan belimbing asam jika belimbing asam sedikit cabang maka belimbing manis ini sebaliknya mmbpunyai dahan dan ranting yang tumpuh dengan rapat dan rimbun, tinggi semampai dapat mencapai ketinggia 12 meter. Daun majemuk, bunga bakal buah berbentuk kecil-kecil dan berwarna muda. Dan bunga sangat mudah rontok jika terkena gearan.
Buah belimbing manis berbentuk lonjong bersegi lima, jika dilihat dari bawah, bentuk penampang lintang buahnya mirip dengan bentuk bintang. Ukuran nya dapat mencapai ukuran gelas besar. Dan mempunyai rasa yang manis. Pada waktu muda buah berwarna hijau muda, dan akan berubah menjadi kuning sampai kemerahan jika telah tua.

Secara umum tanaman ini banyak di sukai orang dari bentuk tanamannya karena dapat dijadikan tanaman pelindung atau peneduh dikarenakan bentuknya yang rimbun dan banyak ditanam diperkarangan rumah maupun kebun.

Dilihat dari penanaman belimbing ini tidaklah sulit. Dan bisa di tanam di mana saja. Jika penanaman dengan biji pada usia 3 – 4 tatahun sudah dapat berbuah, hasil tanaman bisa mencapai 1.500 buah pertahunnya. Selain buah segar belimbing jenis ini dapat dijadikan makanan olahan seperti dijadikan selai, sari buah, rujak dan lain sebagainya. Dan belimbing jenis ini pun diperkaya dengan vitamin C dan vitamin lainnya.

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